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(Click for frequent words.) 78 acquis 76 EU acquis 75 acquis communitaire 70 EU acquis communautaire 65 Copenhagen Criteria 65 Acquis Communautaire 62 Accession Treaty 62 subsidiarity principle 61 Lausanne Treaty 60 Ankara Protocol 60 Ohrid Agreement 60 Schengen Treaty 60 Schengen acquis 59 IORP directive 59 Schengen Agreement 59 EEA Agreement 59 Constitutional Treaty 58 QMV 58 derogations 58 CRD3 57 Aarhus Convention 57 safeguard clauses 57 Amending Directive 57 comitology 57 Accession Partnership 57 Ohrid Framework Agreement 57 UNCITRAL Model Law 56 accession treaty 56 ICESCR 56 codecision procedure 56 comitology procedure 56 UCITS Directive 56 EU Directives 56 Schengen treaty 56 OHADA 56 Neighborhood Policy ENP 56 REACH Regulation 56 FBiH Government 56 codecision 56 Constitutive Act 55 Europeanisation 55 Euratom Treaty 55 Taef Accord 55 Takeover Directive 55 Waste Framework Directive 55 EU accession 55 Water Framework Directive 55 Acquis 55 Supplementary Protocol 55 Bologna Process 54 CFE Treaty 54 EC Directives 54 Shengen 54 TRIPs Agreement 54 EU Accession Treaty 54 Prüm Treaty 54 Directive #/#/EC [004] 54 IORP Directive 54 Solvency II Directive 54 bi zonality 54 Doha Ministerial Declaration 54 visa liberalization 54 Framework Decision 54 EQF 54 ECHR 54 EU 54 Commission Decision #/#/EC 54 Neighbourhood Policy ENP 54 Slovenian Presidency 54 EURODAC 54 Sevres Treaty 54 normative framework 53 peremptory norms 53 Enlargement Commissioner 53 interim EPAs 53 Readmission Agreement 53 MEMO/#/# [001] 53 fYRoM 53 Lisbon Strategy 53 COREPER 53 Cypriot Turks 53 juridical norms 53 Telecoms Package 53 EAC Treaty 53 Alejandro Cercas 53 TCK Article 53 Capital Requirements Directive 53 Directive #/#/EC [005] 53 accession negotiations 53 SEA Directive 53 Data Retention Directive 53 Directive #/#/EC [006] 53 Ahtisaari Plan 53 Birds Directive 53 outermost regions 53 Hungarian Presidency 52 Revised Treaty 52 Lamfalussy 52 Cohesion Fund 52 Copyright Directive 52 RoO 52 Transparency Directive 52 Structural Funds 52 strict conditionality 52 Remedies Directive 52 Directive #/#/EC amending 52 EFTA Surveillance Authority 52 Üskül 52 Emissions Trading Directive 52 Croatia accession 52 Danube Strategy 52 competences 52 European Enlargement Commissioner 52 UNCITRAL 52 interinstitutional 52 Fouere 52 Statutory Audit 52 EU enlargement 52 ILO conventions 52 MEMO/#/# [002] 52 CEFTA 52 Euroatlantic 52 Kars Treaty 52 Insolvency Directive 52 multiannual 52 Montreux Convention 52 Cohesion Policy 52 Habitats Directive 52 directive #/#/EEC 52 #/#/EC [002] 52 Fundamental Freedoms 51 ECtHR 51 Stability Pact 51 Azerbaijan territorial integrity 51 Minority Languages 51 Schengen 51 Convergence Programme 51 GMO cultivation 51 ILO Conventions 51 EULEX deployment 51 Cyrillic spelling 51 IPAP 51 Art.# 51 Filori 51 Garabagh conflict 51 readmission agreements 51 Accession Treaties 51 Transdniestrian conflict 51 EU Directive #/#/EC 51 ZERP 51 SEECP 51 Eurointegration 51 Framework Directive 51 juste retour 51 Maastricht criteria 51 MEUSAC 51 IAS IFRS 51 IPPC Directive 51 Agreement SAA 51 RISDP 51 EEA EFTA 51 Decision #/#/EC 51 Miloshoski 51 bizonal bicommunal federation 51 Vojvodina statute 51 Roaming Regulation 51 Human Rights ECHR 51 Directive #/#/EEC [002] 51 Schengen accord 51 Criminal Procedural Code 51 Berne Convention 51 Timeshare Directive 51 Directive #/#/EC [001] 51 Directive #/#/EC [003] 51 Excessive Deficit Procedure 51 CFSP 51 L.#/# 50 Lajčak 50 Machinery Directive #/#/EC 50 EU Birds Directive 50 Adapted CFE Treaty 50 Pajtić 50 Cypriot Greeks 50 TFEU 50 Lisbon Treaty ratification 50 Füle 50 EULEX mission 50 Electoral Code 50 Catherine Trautmann 50 AU Constitutive Act 50 Brcko District 50 Czech Presidency 50 FRONTEX 50 Bocevski 50 Eulex 50 Delevic 50 EAC Customs 50 ICERD 50 see IP/#/# [001] 50 UCITS IV 50 Bekaryan 50 EC Directive 50 Lisbon Agenda 50 Neighbourhood Policy 50 Harmonised 50 Minister Teodor Baconschi 50 accession treaties 50 Operational Programmes 50 Parliament rapporteur 50 ECOFIN 50 Pashiardis 50 AVMS Directive 50 adapted CFE treaty 50 Cotonou Partnership 50 BiH 50 Lamfalussy process 50 Ministerial Declaration 50 Machinery Directive 50 PfP 50 Eurocodes 50 Eurofound 50 Cohesion Funds 50 EUCD 50 Lisbon Treaty 50 spokeswoman Krisztina Nagy 50 Milososki 50 Bolkestein Directive 50 ePrivacy Directive 50 AIFM 50 see IP/#/# [002] 50 Western Balkans 50 bizonal bicommunal 49 FATF Recommendations 49 laicism 49 Schengen accession 49 Corporate Governance Code 49 Anti Bribery Convention 49 PNDCL 49 Nagorno Garabagh 49 Eurovignette Directive 49 Reform Treaty 49 Euronest Parliamentary Assembly 49 Taef Agreement 49 ESDP 49 directive #/#/EC [001] 49 Ioannina mechanism 49 directive #/#/EC [002] 49 Fajon 49 Renewables Directive 49 Samardžić 49 FLEGT 49 Fuele 49 see Europolitics# 49 Article XIX 49 halakha 49 VAT Directive 49 de minimis exception 49 constitutive peoples 49 WIPO treaties 49 Estonian Latvian 49 Negotiating Framework 49 orthography 49 Transnistrian conflict settlement 49 Nice Treaty 49 Cotonou Accord 49 purposive approach 49 Euronest 49 Penal Procedure Code 49 Maastricht Treaty 49 territorial cohesion 49 Minister V.Ušackas 49 Batteries Directive 49 ethnic Macedonians 49 AIFMs 49 harmonization 49 Benes decrees 49 Nova Makedonija 49 accession 49 Reasoned Opinion 49 Euroregion 49 Jean Christophe Filori 49 EU Enlargement Commissioner 49 ECJ rulings 49 EULEX 49 Upper Garabagh 49 ESA# 49 Article #a [002] 49 PISG 49 Cotonou Agreement 49 Kosmet 49 CARIFORUM 49 European Union 49 Schengen Zone 49 EU Roaming Regulation 49 TRIPS Agreement 49 Balkan republics 49 commissioner Stefan Fule 49 Trafficking Protocol 49 Azerbaijanis residing 49 Accession Agreement 48 adapted CFE Treaty 48 Concordat 48 Flexicurity 48 Transnistria 48 stateless persons 48 Kosovo Metohija 48 Slav Macedonians 48 theEU 48 Hong Kong Ministerial Declaration 48 #/#/EC [001] 48 Additional Protocols 48 Maastricht treaty 48 EU Accession 48 Association Agreement SAA 48 MIFID 48 Convention Relating 48 lustration 48 EFRP 48 DG Enlargement 48 OSCE Chairmanship 48 Enlargement Commissioner Olli Rehn 48 Transnistrian settlement 48 Rroma 48 EPLA 48 Vollebaek 48 EPBD 48 EPP DE 48 Zinaida Zlatanova 48 constitutive 48 EEAS 48 Human Rights ECtHR 48 Lajcak 48 Laeken Declaration 48 Asean Charter 48 Cedaw 48 incompliance 48 Commissioner Hammarberg 48 Andorra Liechtenstein Monaco 48 Official Languages Act 48 Deposit Guarantee Schemes 48 Garoyian 48 subsidiarity 48 Jeremić 48 Solvency II directive 48 Concurrent List 48 visa facilitation 48 Turkish Cypriot enclave 48 JURI 48 Brussels dtt net.com 48 plurilateral 48 Maastricht Criteria 48 confederal 48 Directive #/#/EEC [001] 48 Latvia Lithuania Malta 48 Euratom treaty 48 Cosmetics Directive 48 ICC Rome Statute 48 Hague Visby Rules 48 Nitrates Directive 48 Aurescu 48 RoHS directives 48 Gagauzia 48 Martonyi 48 Enlarged Select 48 Malmström 48 Pirinski 48 Multilingualism 48 Te Tiriti o Waitangi 48 PN MEPs 48 bicommunal bizonal federation 48 Napoleonic Code 48 Kınıklıoğlu 48 EC Directive #/#/EC 48 EEA 48 Lisbon treaty 48 federalised 48 OECS Economic 48 Transnistrian conflict 48 unrecognized republics 48 Nagorni Garabagh 48 Basesgioglu 48 #/#/EEC [002] 48 Karabakh conflict settlement 48 Aegean continental shelf 48 Pre Accession 47 E3/EU 47 bi zonal 47 spokeswoman Angela Filote 47 Directive #/#/EC [002] 47 Double Taxation Agreements 47 Ouagadougou Agreement 47 Turkish penal code 47 federalisation 47 Bolkestein 47 Bagis 47 Olivier Chastel 47 Protocols ratification 47 Coreper 47 EGTT 47 proportionality principle 47 regulative 47 Ishkhanyan 47 Baltic Sea Region 47 ICSID Convention 47 Evgeni Kirilov 47 Chakurov 47 Safeguards Agreements 47 ESCB 47 LMO FFPs 47 Gauzes 47 Medvedja 47 Turkish Cypriots 47 Hague Conventions 47 Schengen enlargement 47 NATURA 47 Legislative Decree 47 Schengen zone 47 TRNC 47 Basle II 47 Vukčević 47 Katalin Levai 47 Sekerinska 47 Turkish Cypriot compatriots 47 CFR pt 47 Lachin corridor 47 Kourkoulas 47 unrecognized Nagorno Karabakh 47 Turkishness 47 Waste Directive 47 EHPM 47 bizonal 47 Moldovan Ukrainian 47 Parliament Rapporteur 47 Territorial Cooperation 47 FYROM 47 Asylum Procedures 47 Intellectual Property Rights TRIPs 47 Lustration 47 IFRSs 47 Lagendijk 47 Hazardous Substances RoHS Directive 47 boundary delimitation 47 Iceland Liechtenstein Norway 47 Habitats Regulations 47 Serbia Jelko Kacin 47 Kemalism 47 Audiovisual Media 47 Oymen 47 Temporary Framework 47 Western Thrace 47 Vecer Macedonia 47 Myra Xenides Arestis 47 INSPIRE Directive 47 pacta sunt servanda 47 AIFMD 47 EU Habitats Directive 47 IS# [004] 47 Eurovignette 47 VoiceCash Bank 47 Davit Harutyunyan 47 Taif Agreement 47 Lagumdzija 47 BiH Presidency 47 Noumea Accord 47 EC Treaty 47 EUs 47 Protocol Relating 47 High Representative OHR 47 Minister Kalfin 47 Directive #/#/EU 47 ethnos 47 NREG Act 47 Nationality Law 47 Bosnia Hercegovina 47 Koumoutsakos 47 BSECO 47 Accession Protocol 47 Danubian 47 IPPP 47 CJEU 47 Permanent Representatives COREPER 46 Çavuşoğlu 46 Indira Mujib 46 AIFM Directive 46 EP rapporteur 46 Basel Accord 46 Stanca 46 Jandrokovic 46 BES islands 46 Links Dossier 46 FM Milososki 46 federative 46 Mountainous Karabakh 46 Krisztina Nagy 46 Benes Decrees 46 Nagorno Garabagh conflict 46 Kosova Kosovo 46 GATT WTO 46 Helsinki Accords 46 eEurope 46 EN #:# 46 Dayton Accords 46 ethno territorial 46 Traditional Herbal Medicinal Products 46 EUROCHAMBRES 46 UNMIK 46 NAPs 46 spokesman Oliver Drewes 46 SSUTA 46 GAFTA 46 Leyla Sahin 46 bi zonal federation 46 FIFA Statutes 46 Sylikiotis 46 Öko Institut 46 BNetzA 46 Interoperability Framework 46 Alevism 46 commissioner Günter Verheugen 46 multilingualism 46 Edvard Nalbandian 46 Competitiveness Pact 46 Greek Cypriot 46 Article XIV 46 Cyprus Latvia Lithuania 46 CCCTB 46 ESDP missions 46 Socialist MEP 46 Optional Protocols 46 EU# strategy 46 Annex VII 46 FBiH 46 Garabagh 46 Armen Rustamyan 46 Abyei Protocol 46 OSCE MG Co Chairs 46 harmonises 46 Karabakh Armenians 46 OECD Anti Bribery 46 Euskal Herria 46 preambular paragraph 46 Plassnik 46 bizonal federation 46 Act MPRDA 46 EUSR 46 Prüm 46 Transferable Securities 46 legislative enactments 46 Zeks 46 Špidla 46 Unity Pact 46 Zahradil 46 Ombudsperson Institution 46 SADC Protocol 46 Karabagh conflict 46 WTO GATT 46 Macedonia Skopje 46 Nagorno Karabakh conflict 46 Länder 46 Herzegovina 46 Taif accord 46 TRQs 46 Eurodac 46 Ozgurgun 46 Utrinski vesnik 46 Turkish Penal Code 46 Qualifications Framework 46 laïcité 46 specificities 46 Associations EFPIA 46 Permanent Representation 46 Diaspora Armenians 46 Ahtisaari blueprint 46 Grancharova 46 Implementing Regulations 46 transboundary aquifers 46 Ambassador Erwan Fouere 46 BEREC 46 Treaties 46 TRIPs 46 JTIs 46 RoHS #/#/EC 46 Greek Cypriots 46 Annex VI 46 Oskanyan 46 Enlargement Commissioner Stefan Fuele 46 Intellectual Property Rights TRIPS 46 Waste Incineration Directive 46 SUMMIT Leaders 46 ENPI 46 statutory enactments 46 #/#/EC [003] 46 UCITS directive 46 Landfill Directive 46 DTAAs 46 Unclos 46 bi lateral agreements 46 Subsidiarity 46 Štefan Füle 46 CarbonNeutral Protocol 46 Mediation Directive 46 UNSC Resolutions 46 Lomé Convention 46 Sven Giegold 46 EuropeAid 46 AIFM directive 46 ECMR 46 Ethnic Hungarians 46 Javakhk Armenians 46 MARPOL Convention 46 De jure 46 Commissioner Špidla 46 Collective Agreements 46 Macedonia FYROM 46 UNICE 46 EU Transparency Directive 46 Supervision Agency BDDK 46 AMMAA 46 Directive #/#/CE 46 OHR 46 De la Sabliere 46 ECJ judgment 45 Privacy Directive 45 OIV 45 IP/#/# [003] 45 Bağış 45 § #a [003] 45 GAERC 45 Incoterms 45 Outcome Document 45 Maastricht criterion 45 YÖK 45 Pre Accession Assistance 45 Negotiation Framework 45 Linas Marcoussis Agreement 45 EUOBSERVER BRUSSELS EU 45 Xhaferi 45 erga omnes 45 separate simultaneous referenda 45 UNCRC 45 Dr Busuttil 45 Enlargement 45 EFPIA 45 Taif Accord 45 Interpretative Communication 45 ANCOM 45 Government Spokesman Christodoulos 45 Economic Area EEA 45 Tripartite Forum 45 Adrian Severin 45 Remuneration Code 45 Schengen visa 45 KKTC 45 Gauzès 45 Abuse Directive 45 ERTMS 45 antimonopoly legislation 45 Cariforum 45 document A/#/# [002] 45 Svilanovic 45 Macedonia accession 45 mediator Wolfgang Ischinger 45 UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules 45 Bossi Fini law 45 ENP Action 45 OPCAT 45 CONSOB 45 Belgrade Pristina dialogue 45 Renewable Energy Directive 45 systematization 45 Europe CFE Treaty 45 reunifying Cyprus 45 multilateral treaties 45 unilateral proclamation 45 Abbing 45 Azerbaijani territories 45 Dniester Region 45 Moldovan Romanian 45 Tort Liability Law 45 EITE assistance 45 R2P doctrine 45 Dr Mifsud Bonnici 45 autonomies 45 Euratom 45 CEDAW Convention 45 Islamic Shari'ah 45 Catalan Statute 45 Quartet Roadmap 45 Seveso II 45 Growth Pact 45 Mountainous Karabagh 45 Fyrom 45 Ozugergin 45 Strategic Concept 45 UNSC Resolution 45 Aegean Macedonia 45 Mitreva 45 Credit Institutions Stabilisation 45 Immovable Property Commission 45 #/#/EEC [001] 45 ethnically Albanian 45 juridical 45 EU directive #/#/EC 45 Stefan Fuele 45 Tracing Instrument 45 Mr. Delavekouras 45 Special Representative EUSR 45 numerus 45 Tihic 45 ARIPO 45 Kazakh PresidentТs 45 Biosafety Protocol 45 OSCE MG co 45 BITs 45 Cem Özdemir 45 Borisov remarked 45 Serbia Vincent Degert 45 prescripts 45 Gangmasters Licensing Act 45 UNMIK reconfiguration 45 Rafael Huseynov 45 CoR 45 Marrakesh Accords 45 Eurosystem collateral 45 Kouneva 45 Block Exemption 45 Macedonia Montenegro 45 Article #.#.# [001] 45 Danuta Hübner 45 Nerses Yeritsyan 45 explanatory memoranda 45 TBMM 45 Denktas 45 Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements 45 Yamoussoukro Decision 45 Armenian Turkish 45 UNSCR 45 bi zonal bi 45 Time Directive EWTD 45 Stamp Duties Act 45 regu lations 45 Enlargement Strategy 45 Maltese MEPs 45 Food Supplements Directive 45 Eritrea Ethiopia Boundary 45 spokesman Kypros Chrysostomides 45 PES FR 45 #/#/CE 45 BLNS 45 Services Directive PSD 45 EUREPGAP 45 Famagusta port 45 Directives #/#/EC 45 Đukić Dejanović 45 IMMOEAST AG 45 Liability Directive 45 Morning Forex Overview 45 Ministerial Decree 45 IORP 45 evro 45 penal codes 45 EEBC 45 Kemppinen 45 Commissioner Vladimír Špidla 45 Marketing Authorisations 45 ILO Declaration 45 Add.1 45 Fabrizio Barbaso 45 EUMM 45 Alain Lamassoure 45 guarantorship 45 Enforcement Directive 45 GRI Guidelines 45 Islamic Shariaa 45 Laender 45 Safeguard Measures 45 Greek Cypriots Turkish Cypriots 45 YAŞ decisions 45 Siberian overflight charges 45 Semneby 45 Karl Heinz Florenz 45 Kosova 45 Biketawa Declaration 45 implemented Directive #/#/EC 45 Sapard 45 interparliamentary relations 45 Botsan Kharchenko 45 bicommunal federation 45 Greek Cypriot refugees 45 Minister Andrei Stratan 45 EICTA 45 bi communal 44 Transdniester 44 COMIFAC 44 Luxembourgish 44 subparagraphs 44 Pogea 44 OSCE Ministerial 44 Enlargement Commissioner Guenter Verheugen 44 Ucits IV 44 EUobserver 44 AECA 44 Vertical Restraints 44 MoReq2 44 IA Regnum reports 44 Mammadguliyev 44 Transdniestrian 44 Cluster Munitions Convention 44 TACIS 44 PM Nikola Gruevski 44 Stefan Füle 44 Shavarsh Kocharyan 44 Karabakh conflict 44 WTO TRIPS Agreement 44 rotating Presidency 44 ZDERA 44 Baku Tbilisi Kars railway 44 Sharmazanov 44 commissioner Vladimir Spidla 44 commissioner Laszlo Kovacs 44 Zhogorku Kenesh 44 EUBAM 44 orjinal metin 44 Buildings Directive 44 SFAS No.# 44 IPSAS 44 Surenyants 44 Hay Dat 44 eu domain name 44 consitution 44 Indigenous Peoples Rights 44 WEEE directive 44 Papadopulous 44 Commissioner Vladimir Spidla 44 Rights TRIPS 44 Nagorno Karabagh Republic 44 INTOSAI 44 IACS 44 Eurochambers 44 Framework Programmes 44 Codex Alimentarius 44 Clinical Trials Directive 44 BTWC 44 FYRMacedonia 44 DG COMP 44 Arkady Ghoukasyan 44 WEU 44 ELFAA 44 Europeanism 44 Bolivarian Constitution 44 Integrated Pollution Prevention 44 Kojen 44 UNI Europa Finance 44 Security Agency ENISA 44 Registration Evaluation Authorisation 44 XML schemas 44 IFRS IAS 44 constitutive elements 44 Verification Mechanism 44 Kosovo EULEX 44 Leonard Orban 44 Freshfel 44 Vizjak 44 Commercial Code HGB 44 BEE codes 44 Charter Chapter VII 44 see IP/#/# MEMO/#/# 44 Đelić 44 halacha Jewish 44 counterstatement 44 Complementarity 44 MEPs 44 GZS 44 UNECE 44 liturgical norms 44 UDHR 44 EESC 44 Subsidiary Arrangements 44 Stefan Lehne 44 Peter Semneby 44 Tuomioja 44 Administrative Procedure 44 compliance therewith 44 Directive 44 Malmstroem 44 simultaneous referendums 44 Oli Rehn 44 provi sions 44 Legal Practitioners Act 44 ex aequo et 44 Subordinate Legislation Committee 44 Titina Loizidou 44 Blic learns 44 ENTSO E 44 Serbia Jeremic 44 Nagorno Karabagh conflict 44 Silajdžić 44 Turkish Cypriot 44 Milli Majlis Azerbaijani 44 Demiralp 44 ICCPR 44 Roma Inclusion 44 Euractiv 44 IEEE P# powerline 44 ECHA 44 EC Habitats Directive 44 Article XXIV 44 AICC SCORM 44 Nagorno Karabakh 44 Fundamental Rights 44 AANZFTA 44 sovereignty territorial integrity 44 Basel III accords 44 Hazardous Substances Directive 44 Russia WTO accession 44 Flautre 44 GUUAM 44 FLEG 44 Bozdağ 44 NRAs 44 RoHS Directive 44 SOLVIT 44 Vajgl 44 uninominal vote 44 Beate Winkler 44 WTO accession 44 SOFAs 44 Bulgaria Rumania 44 concordats 44 ethnic Hungarians living 44 § #.#-# [004] 44 plurilateral negotiations 44 Karakachanov 44 Lex MOL 44 Commissioner Reding 44 Perevi village 44 ECOTA 44 COSO framework 44 Piran Bay 44 Taef accord 44 RTV Slovenija 44 Eastern Partnership EaP 44 ICC Statute 44 EFTA 44 Upper Karabakh 44 Regulatory Impact Assessment 44 eastern Slavonia 44 Fifa statutes 44 Cyprus 44 Slovenian Croatian 44 Satu Hassi 44 Codification 44 Transatlantic Agenda 44 Euroatlantic structures 44 Security ISPS Code 44 Minimum Wages Act 44 Coetibus 44 EEBC ruling 44 Dr Frendo 44 Accounting Standards IAS 44 Bogdan Aurescu 44 Basic Principles 44 DİSK 44 National Qualifications Framework 44 Frontex patrols 44 Gabriela Konevska Trajkovska 44 APMC Acts 44 Karabakh 44 Convention Against Corruption 44 FGN ASUU 44 Yalcinbayir 44 Economic Communities RECs 44 ARFD 44 Directives 44 OMO Ilinden 44 PACE rapporteurs 44 Conventional Armed Forces 44 Schuman Declaration 44 Transdniestria 44 arbitral proceedings 44 Antonia Parvanova 44 enlargement commissioner 44 FP6 44 Europe CFE treaty 44 recommendatory 44 collocutors 44 concordat 44 Arthur Baghdasaryan 43 OSCE 43 de Gucht 43 Jeremic 43 Dniester settlement 43 FATCA 43 Guidelines Governing 43 Government Spokesman Kypros 43 Enosis 43 visa facilitation agreement 43 Product Safety Directive 43 Technical Barriers