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(Click for frequent words.) 64 courts 64 appellate court 64 justices 63 appellate 62 appellate judges 62 Supreme Court 60 intermediate appellate 60 Supreme Courts 60 Appellate Courts 58 conflicting rulings 57 postconviction 57 Eleventh Circuit 57 habeas proceedings 57 Ninth Circuit 56 rulings 56 evidentiary rulings 55 interlocutory appeals 55 Justices 55 Fifth Circuit 54 granted certiorari 54 resentencings 54 factual determinations 53 habeas proceeding 53 juries 53 judicial 52 habeas 52 pro se litigants 52 Judge Tauro 52 9th Circuit 52 Solicitor Barney Giese 52 dissenting justices 52 appeals court 52 Appellate 51 Supreme Court justices 51 Su preme Court 51 Sixth Circuit 51 reargued 51 spokesman Ron Keefover 51 precedential value 51 Judge Randal Valenciano 51 constitutionality 51 litigants 51 habeas petitions 51 procedural reasonableness 51 judges 51 pro se litigant 51 litigated 51 legislatures 50 postconviction proceedings 50 Appeals 50 judgeships 50 concurring opinions 50 court 50 Apprendi 50 Grutter v. Bollinger 50 Blakely v. 50 Scalia dissented 50 Diarmuid O'Scannlain 50 contemporaneous objection rule 50 Van Orden v. 50 recusal motions 50 Branzburg 50 First Amendment jurisprudence 50 habeas corpus petitions 50 credibility determinations 50 Election Petition Tribunals 50 Appellate Procedure 49 justices dissented 49 nonjury trials 49 concurrences 49 liberal justices dissented 49 Stenberg v. Carhart 49 courtrooms 49 CAFA jurisdiction 49 Third Judicial Circuit 49 mootness 49 C ourts 49 Rooker Feldman doctrine 49 summary judgment motions 49 Ninth Circuits 49 midlevel appeals 49 caselaw 49 procedurally barred 49 Zubulake v. UBS Warburg 49 Collateral estoppel 49 habeas corpus proceeding 49 factual sufficiency 49 Appellate Term 48 liberally construe 48 AEDPA 48 attorneys 48 factually distinguishable 48 reargument 48 issue preclusion 48 substantive reasonableness 48 postconviction proceeding 48 Edwards v. Aguillard 48 5th Circuit 48 Courts 48 Pregerson 48 Gonzales v. Carhart 48 Superior Court Appellate Division 48 appelate court 48 per curiam 48 Rooker Feldman 48 judicial canons 48 Flast 48 Appellate Court 48 recusal motion 48 jury verdicts 48 Justice Helen Hoens 48 Judge Consuelo Callahan 48 Melendez Diaz 48 Judith Ann Lanzinger 48 KSR v. Teleflex 48 judge 48 Lethal injections 48 Surpreme Court 48 Seventh Circuit 48 manifest disregard 48 Solicitor Chrissy Adams 48 juvenile lifers 48 Declaratory Judgment Act 48 En banc 48 Johnson v. Eisentrager 48 preclusive effect 48 Tjoflat 48 interlocutory appeal 48 conclusions de novo 48 Al Odah v. 48 Patience Drake Roggensack 48 Martha Geer 48 substantive unreasonableness 48 Judge Scheindlin 48 nonjury 47 Justice Peggy Quince 47 Timmons Goodson 47 Judge Preska 47 Judicial Nominating Commissions 47 Alito dissented 47 v. Hardwick 47 Civil Procedure 47 Cabranes 47 SCOTUS 47 conservative jurists 47 constitutionally deficient 47 habeas relief 47 5th Judicial Circuit 47 argument unpersuasive 47 DeRolph 47 procedurally defaulted 47 oral arguments 47 Shirley Abrahamson 47 Rompilla 47 Musladin conviction 47 Judicial Selection Commission 47 Boumediene v. Bush 47 Zorach v. Clauson 47 multidistrict litigation panel 47 claim preclusion 47 Paul V. Niemeyer 47 Justice Judith Cowin 47 Harry Pregerson 47 Justice Jaynee LaVecchia 47 grandparent visitation 47 jurisprudence 47 nonfrivolous issues 46 Wettick 46 Flast v. Cohen 46 disbarments 46 Judge Ambro 46 summary judgment de novo 46 Tenth Circuit 46 appealability 46 Lethal injection executions 46 Tennard 46 attained finality 46 arguable merit 46 fraudulent joinder 46 Appellate Division reversed 46 Justice Raoul Cantero 46 Judge Hans Liljeberg 46 anti SLAPP motions 46 Judge Rosemary Barkett 46 reviewed de novo 46 ore tenus 46 jurisprudential 46 J. Harvie Wilkinson 46 constitutionally permissible 46 Scalia 46 nonjusticiable 46 interlocutory orders 46 Judge Selna 46 jurists 46 arbitrability 46 Justice Antonin Scalia dissented 46 Ling Cohan 46 DOMA unconstitutional 46 executing mentally retarded 46 Granholm v. Heald 46 instruct juries 46 evidentiary 46 al Odah v. 46 Justice Rives Kistler 46 Justice Saka Ibiyeye 46 plaintiffs 46 Karen LeCraft Henderson 46 habeas petitioners 46 statutory aggravators 46 Judicial Tenure Commission 46 justice Maura Corrigan 46 Justice Judith Lanzinger 46 Judge Rebecca Pallmeyer 46 Hamdi v. 46 Justices Barbara Pariente 46 lethal injection executions 46 Evelyn Lundberg Stratton 46 Appellate Division 46 Bilski v. Kappos 46 Kiyemba v. Obama 46 judge Emmet Sullivan 46 exclusionary rule 46 Judge Kathleen Gearin 46 pro se 46 habeas petition 46 v. Raich 46 Judge Emilio Garza 45 Ron Keefover spokesman 45 Alice Robie Resnick 45 Edwin Kneedler 45 nonfrivolous 45 Norgle 45 dormant Commerce Clause 45 Judge Raner Collins 45 David Stras 45 Justice William Leaphart 45 declaratory judgments 45 Justice Jean Toal 45 Peggy Quince 45 improvidently granted 45 Peyton Hyslop 45 Justice Lloyd Karmeier 45 judicial estoppel 45 contemporaneous objection 45 Loving v. 45 Eleventh Circuit affirmed 45 forum non conveniens 45 Mayola Williams 45 lethal injection procedures 45 lethal injection method 45 Basson acquittal 45 MDL Panel 45 Justice Ricky Polston 45 felon disenfranchisement 45 hears oral arguments 45 Judge Norgle 45 Barbara Pariente 45 Judge Carol Higbee 45 coram nobis 45 determinations de novo 45 nonjurisdictional 45 Patricia Timmons Goodson 45 v. Shatzer 45 overbreadth 45 Wesberry v. Sanders 45 Segars Andrews 45 Eleventh Circuits 45 vexatious litigants 45 Eleventh Circuit Court 45 facially neutral 45 defendant intervenors 45 SOAH 45 William S. Ohlemeyer 45 Defendant asserts 45 reversible error 45 Judgment affirmed 45 expungements 45 judgeship 45 sua sponte 45 substantive unconscionability 45 Justice Stuart Rabner 45 Judge Rosemary Pooler 45 BPAI 45 ALJs 45 Judges Sonya Sotomayor 45 Plyer v. Doe 45 Hofsheier 45 Judge Dyk 45 Solicitor General Gregory Garre 45 Ninth Circuit affirmed 45 Hunstein 45 amici briefs 45 pari delicto 45 WCAB 45 appellate judgeships 45 proximate causation 45 compulsory counterclaim 45 Justice Bernette 45 La.Civ.Code art 45 en banc 45 Justice Antonin Scalia 45 Tanick 45 judicial appointments 45 nominees Priscilla Owen 45 Duncan Getchell 45 posttrial motions 45 presiding judge 45 mootness doctrine 44 Sloviter 44 Plyler v. Doe 44 Judge Augello 44 dicta 44 summarily affirm 44 Judge Barbara Crabb 44 construing statutes 44 Cahraman 44 concurring opinion 44 1st DCA 44 Legislatures 44 MSPB 44 partisan gerrymandering 44 Portley El 44 habeas petitioner 44 Rita Garman 44 non justiciable 44 Lindevaldsen 44 Tulia defendants 44 infamous Dred Scott 44 Double Jeopardy Clause 44 postconviction motion 44 Judge Catharina Haynes 44 sua sponte duty 44 Freeborne 44 Tafas v. Doll 44 Geeker 44 Schriro v. 44 plaintiffs appellants 44 Varnum v. Brien 44 Due Process Clause 44 judicial fiat 44 Roe v. Wade 44 O'Scannlain 44 justices recused 44 c ourts 44 postconviction petition 44 distinguished jurists 44 Supreme Court Justices 44 Batson v. 44 justiciability 44 Judge Marvin Shoob 44 SCOTUSblog 44 spousal notification provision 44 Patience Roggensack 44 Williamses suspensions 44 Engle progeny 44 prejudice prong 44 unrepresented litigants 44 #rd Judicial Circuit 44 Eighth Circuit 44 quasi judicial tribunals 44 Seventh Circuits 44 filing amicus briefs 44 parol evidence 44 Prosecutor Hank Zavislak 44 Ten Commandment displays 44 Judge Sabraw 44 Judge Alito 44 Justice Donald Wintersheimer 44 separate concurring opinion 44 Judge Harry Pregerson 44 amicus briefs 44 Appellant asserts 44 Nathaniel Persily 44 Judge Zmuda 44 Nancy Cruzan 44 Brieant 44 prosecutorial 44 Howard Bashman 44 Constitution Supremacy Clause 44 affirmance 44 liberally construed 44 9th Judicial Circuit 44 sub silentio 44 preclusion 44 multiplicitous 44 Judges 44 LE2d 44 retroactivity 44 spokesperson Midas Marquez 44 Riegel v. 44 Sixth Judicial 44 Pat Roggensack 44 strictly construe 44 Judge Altonaga 44 Patricia Millett 44 agrees Sinema 44 factual underpinnings 44 litigating 44 Appellate Judges 44 Judge Steeh 43 Judge Harhut 43 Judge Kollar Kotelly 43 statutes 43 constitutionally 43 Judge Tena Campbell 43 Rapanos v. United 43 judicial activism 43 arbitral tribunals 43 Appellate Division affirmed 43 appellate judgeship 43 Judge Jose Cabranes 43 dispositive 43 precedential 43 Surpeme Court 43 8th Judicial Circuit 43 constitutional 43 collateral estoppel 43 factfinder 43 Constitutionality 43 Twentieth Judicial 43 interlocutory 43 Ark. R. Crim 43 filed amicus briefs 43 pretrial rulings 43 Justice Pascal Calogero 43 amicus curiae briefs 43 Fifth Judicial 43 William G. Schma 43 Stephen Orlofsky 43 nonconstitutional 43 Cadish 43 Emory Widener 43 Goldman Cedarbaum 43 Judge George Bakalis 43 Kravitch 43 Reinholtsen 43 Judge Wettick 43 resentencing 43 Judge Ciparick 43 adjudicatory 43 punitives 43 Judge Clifford Weckstein 43 additur 43 Carolyn Snurkowski 43 Beryl Howell 43 judicially 43 C ourt 43 Sanford Steelman 43 Justice Ira Warshawsky 43 Judge Monti Belot 43 Justice Costa Pleicones 43 Judge Shira Scheindlin 43 RFRA 43 v. Gore 43 Lasnik 43 Maneke 43 uncontested divorces 43 Feudale 43 dispositive motions 43 Ciparick 43 judicial nominations 43 aggravators 43 Justice Deborah Poritz 43 unpreserved 43 RCr #.# 43 remittitur 43 noncapital cases 43 Justice Joyce Kennard 43 Clay Crenshaw 43 adjudicating guilt 43 c ourt 43 judge Munir Hadad 43 respectfully dissent 43 enfranchising voters 43 Justice Patience Roggensack 43 multidistrict 43 Verniero 43 Judge Tatel 43 Belkacem Bensayah imprisonment 43 bsent 43 5th DCA 43 Judge Kermit Lipez 43 Bilski patent 43 mentally retarded killers 43 habeas statute 43 Dale Sandstrom 43 counsel Bruce Kuhlik 43 R. Cathell 43 reheard 43 Chief Judge Belvin 43 Baze v. 43 e vidence 43 O'Scannlain wrote 43 vacatur 43 Judge Arthur Tarnow 43 4th DCA 43 Polozola 43 Ralph Gants 43 Alito dissents 43 Sankovitz 43 hourlong oral arguments 43 judicial hellholes 43 Sam Heldman 43 nonlawyers 43 Faretta v. California 43 courtroom 43 Slaughterhouse Cases 43 Rasul v. Bush 43 Daubert v. 43 Marcelain 43 Election Tribunals 43 Justice Gerald VandeWalle 43 Appellants argue 43 James Zazzali 43 certiorari 42 plainly erroneous 42 Judge Richard Matsch 42 Casey Knaupp covers 42 Vance Raye 42 Appeals Affirms 42 constitutionally infirm 42 Priscilla Richman 42 Commerce Clause jurisprudence 42 Adam Liptak 42 pre emption asserting 42 Acting Solicitor General 42 Lochner v. 42 parol evidence rule 42 cases 42 foreclose litigant success 42 recusal 42 Hodari D. 42 Lord Justice Leveson 42 statute 42 rehearing en banc 42 Ex parte Young 42 Scheidler v. 42 People v. Wende 42 Judge LT Senter 42 judicial nominees 42 Zainey 42 Mauffray 42 Werdegar 42 multidistrict litigation 42 Rehnquist 42 substantively unconscionable 42 Ricky Polston 42 Bruce Selya 42 pro hac vice 42 Justices Clarence 42 Miriam Shearing 42 SLUSA 42 CAFC affirmed 42 dispositive motion 42 Carlos Murguia 42 Justice Evelyn Lundberg 42 Margaret McKeown 42 Carabell v. 42 postconviction relief 42 secrets privilege 42 Engle progeny cases 42 VandeWalle 42 robed masters 42 Faretta 42 circuit judgeship 42 Elana Wills 42 adjudicative 42 Justice Leland DeGrasse 42 Rosemary Barkett 42 Justice Jill Konviser 42 appealable 42 vacant judgeships 42 Blaine Amendments 42 manifestly unsupported 42 Chief Justice Zaila 42 permissibly 42 Godwin Ronquillo PC 42 factfinding 42 Menis Ketchum 42 Judicial Court 42 midtrial 42 precedents 42 ResQNet 42 MARCIA COYLE 42 interpreting statutes 42 Orfanedes 42 Ninth Amendment 42 antisodomy law 42 Justice Cowdroy 42 error coram nobis 42 defendant waives 42 Marschewski 42 J. concurring 42 resentence 42 clerkships 42 v. Heller 42 Supco 42 Rhenquist 42 jurisdictional 42 peremptory writ 42 Carmen Beauchamp Ciparick 42 Criminal Appeals 42 Justices Larry Starcher 42 Judge Gerald Tjoflat 42 stare decisis 42 lenity 42 Beth Brinkmann 42 presumptively unconstitutional 42 Workers Compensation Appeals 42 Daniel Eismann 42 DNA exoneration 42 appellants 42 legislative enactments 42 TOTENBERG 42 Turner v. Safley 42 Temporary moratoriums 42 Justice Joette Katz 42 appellant contends 42 mental incompetency 42 Judgeship 42 JUSTICE SCALIA 42 BIA denial 42 prosecutorial impropriety 42 Alito 42 judiciaries 42 Merryday 42 sovereign immunity doctrine 42 Judge Sotomayor 42 Gabrion 42 construing statute 42 David B. Sentelle 42 judicial hellhole 42 Dennis M. Perluss 42 Younger abstention 42 Justice Gabriel Kolawole 42 determinate sentencing 42 Couey Skip 42 relitigated 42 appelate 42 Judge Muroski 42 relitigate 42 Probate Courts 42 Judge Diarmuid F. 42 Stephen Adah 42 opinion concurring 42 grand juries 42 multidistrict panel 42 Delma Banks 42 Justice Rena Uviller 42 spokeswoman Nancy Volmer 42 Eagloski 42 unenumerated rights 42 nonappealable 42 Appellate Defender Office 42 Chushcoff 42 nonprecedential 42 Robreno 42 relitigating 42 Justice Scalia 41 unlawful detainers 41 Justice Barbara Kapnick 41 reargue 41 racketeering statutes 41 en banc rehearing 41 judicial temperament 41 Solicitor Trey Gowdy 41 rehearings 41 mandamus petition 41 Edward Zacca 41 Frank Easterbrook 41 v. FEC 41 Justice Samuel Alito 41 Res judicata 41 jurisdictional prerequisite 41 Justice Eileen Bransten 41 unduly prejudiced 41 nominee Priscilla Owen 41 judges Merrick Garland 41 Judicial Nominating Commission 41 Larry Starcher 41 Justice Marla Luckert 41 G. Harrold Carswell 41 Judge Norman Yackel 41 Judge Rakoff 41 Ex Post Facto 41 ERISA preemption 41 Judge Guido Calabresi 41 nonjudicial 41 Swan Yerger 41 absentee balloting procedures 41 order sustaining demurrer 41 Katsas 41 Nancy Volmer spokeswoman 41 Kutmus 41 Baylson 41 Solicitor General Kagan 41 presumptively valid 41 Keith Starrett 41 Schiveley 41 Judge Wallace Tashima 41 Judge Stephen Yelenosky 41 Milgaard conviction 41 pretrial proceedings 41 Washington v. Glucksberg 41 Berghuis v. Thompkins 41 Judge Ricardo Urbina 41 Carol Ronning Kapsner 41 Petitioners contend 41 Totenberg 41 Judge Cabranes 41 Justice Jorge Labarga 41 Judge Joseph Tauro 41 Jolene Blair 41 Gratz v. Bollinger 41 Justices Maura Corrigan 41 Innocence Projects 41 Administrative Procedure Act 41 upheld Spirko 41 Judge Weber McCraw 41 Judge Deborah Batts 41 Appellants contend 41 9th Judicial 41 Professor Chemerinsky 41 res judicata 41 sharply worded dissent 41 factual predicate 41 Justices Souter 41 Diana Gribbon Motz 41 unallotment statute 41 juvenile adjudications 41 Justice Carol Hunstein 41 supremacy clause 41 State ex rel 41 Chancellor Claudia Bonnyman 41 Circuit 41 facially discriminatory 41 prosecutor Barney Giese 41 prosecutorial misconduct 41 judges recused 41 manifestly disregarded 41 patent litigators 41 posttrial 41 Abu Ali Abdur'Rahman 41 writ petitioners 41 standardless 41 Circuit Court 41 litigate 41 Judge Koeltl 41 originalist judges 41 Magistrate Judge Harwell 41 Judge Dolores Sloviter 41 Justice Maura Corrigan 41 Ann Vanstone 41 7th Judicial Circuit 41 Justice Ron Parraguirre 41 Jose Cabranes 41 overbreadth doctrine 41 Renea Hicks 41 spousal notification 41 State Farm Mut 41 Pleicones 41 Vanaskie 41 applies retroactively 41 Karen Salaz spokeswoman 41 Ronald Rompilla 41 Judge Diana Gribbon 41 District Judge Dickran 41 Marilyn Skoglund 41 Rule #:#-# b 41 Romer v. 41 equitable apportionment 41 Hansher 41 sentencer 41 Justices Scalia 41 DAs 41 Sabraw 41 substantively unreasonable 41 voir dire 41 recusals 41 Eleventh Amendment 41 unconscionability 41 Justice Janine Geske 41 Judith Kaye 41 unconstitutional overreach 41 Judge Jimm Larry 41 Brugnaux 41 Richard Hasen 41 Charles Blixt 41 Bozonelis 41 Alice Batchelder 41 amici 41 Dissenting justices 41 movants 41 Gammerman 41 OCGA ยง #-#-# [007] 41 Justice Larry Starcher 41 indeterminate sentencing 41 overrule Roe 41 Judge Dellick 41 Gall v. 41 applied evenhandedly 41 2nd Judicial Circuit 41 DOMA constitutionality 41 w hether 41 Sandra Ikuta 41 v. Valeo 41 multidistrict litigation MDL 41 mass tort 41 People v. Falsetta 41 concurring opinion Justice 41 Tenth Circuits 41 Bakalis 41 Lucie McLemore 41 SCOTUS Blog 41 Justice Louise Charron 41 Judge Pallmeyer 41 liberal judicial activism 41 Even assuming arguendo 41 eyewitness identifications 41 Kocoras 41 Richard Teitelman 41 PCRA petition 41 LNG siting 41 UCBR 41 Justice Kathryn Mickle 41 Werdegar wrote 41 Hosty v. Carter 41 Bankruptcy Procedure 41 Judge UW Clemon 41 pleadings 41 Bea dissented 41 verdicts 41 DiMotto 41 Judge Garaufis 41 Sixth Amendment 41 Helen Toor 41 mass torts 41 James Rytting 41 9th Circuit Court 41 Editors David Kravets 41 Spreigl evidence 41 Sixth Judicial Circuit 41 Judge Miriam 41 Delgamuukw 41 Probate Code 41 Assistant Appellate Defender 41 suspending Lamberth 41 severability 41 American Judicature Society 41 Judge Bonnie Sabraw 40 Judge Lokuta 40 courthouses 40 Peter G. Verniero 40 member Peter Schaumber 40 Restatement Second 40 Kathryn Mickle Werdegar 40 Minaldi 40 Consuelo Callahan 40 DNA exonerations 40 Michael Luttig Priscilla 40 unelected judges 40 Judicial Qualifications Commission 40 judge Priscilla Owen 40 strict constructionists 40 Judge Gladys Kessler 40 Judge Tim Duket 40 Deborah Poritz 40 procedural technicalities 40 accused infringer 40 reasonably arguable 40 Kestenband 40 hero Kastigar 40 De Muniz 40 homosexual sodomy 40 Gregory Garre 40 postjudgment 40 legalize interracial marriage 40 court Wash. ecoterror 40 Brutinel 40 plea colloquy 40 Appellants 40 counsel performed deficiently 40 guardians ad litem 40 Judge Deno Economou 40 Carol Beier 40 laws criminalizing homosexual 40 president Hugh Caperton 40 Justice Dahiru Musdapher 40 lethal injection procedure 40 Voucher proponents 40 unreviewable 40 interracial marriage bans 40 Judge Sharion Aycock 40 cy pres 40 Maynard recused himself 40 CAFC reversed 40 Min Bahadur Rayamajhi 40 Jonathan Entin 40 Judge Larry Smukler 40 Barry Albin 40 Korematsu conviction 40 v. Barnette 40 District Judge Algenon 40 remanding 40 CM ECF 40 attorney Jonathan Hafetz 40 Jay Zainey 40 Stranch 40 unconstitutionally 40 Judge Joan Lenard 40 Wis. Stat 40 Anti Injunction 40 Zonay 40 terminating parental 40 LaMusga 40 solicitor general 40 habeas corpus writs 40 JAN CRAWFORD GREENBURG 40 rehear arguments 40 tort 40 Zackery Morazzini 40 Fourth Judicial Circuit 40 Philip Brimmer 40 ASLB 40 Justice Adamu Bello 40 Jack Swerling 40 Penson v. 40 banning interracial marriage 40 ACLU Cecillia Wang 40 inter partes 40 Johnnie Rawlinson 40 Ark. R. Civ 40 Voir dire 40 Ninth Judicial 40 guardianships 40 Scotusblog 40 Title VII retaliation 40 L.Ed. 2d 40 Movants 40 Raoul Cantero 40 Faretta motion 40 marriage dissolutions 40 Judge William Alsup 40 James Harvie Wilkinson 40 Confrontation Clause 40 Prosecuting Attorneys Council 40 quash subpoenas issued 40 Dennis Shedd 40 Justice Barbara Pariente 40 exonerations 40 Wickard v. Filburn 40 Judge Leonie Brinkema 40 Judge Patti Saris 40 False Claims Acts 40 Justice Stephen Breyer 40 Justice Kathleen Blatz 40 Judge Arthur Cooperman 40 Sri Srinivasan 40 Trenticosta 40 Korematsu v. United 40 gerrymander districts 40 Paul Pfeifer dissented 40 Fundamental fairness 40 Judge Bruce Romanick 40 reexaminations 40 Justice Deborah Agosti 40 Justice Tijani Abubakar 40 Pawlenty unallotment 40 condemned inmate Romell 40 Justice Orazio Bellantoni 40 irrebuttable 40 Cantil Sakauye 40 Judicial Circuit 40 Antonin Scalia dissented 40 constitutionally valid 40 L. Musmanno 40 Fla. 2d DCA 40 Justice Abutu 40 Reymundo Toledo Flores 40 Reagan appointee 40 c ounsel 40 MGM v. Grokster 40 Doganiere 40 Eleventh Judicial 40 multimillion dollar verdicts 40 Ralph Meczyk 40 Frank Mondano Shanley 40 Presiding Justice 40 rulings upholding 40 preemption 40 ex mero motu 40 TROs 40 Heavican 40 Litigants 40 Ex parte Quirin 40 Karmeier 40 Justices Breyer 40 Judge Diane Druzinski 40 northern Virginias suburbs