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(Click for frequent words.) 77 wavelengths 63 optical wavelengths 62 shorter wavelengths 60 infrared wavelengths 60 infrared wavelength 60 photons 60 spectral 60 photon 59 photon energies 59 wavelength lasers 59 spectra 58 bandgap 58 femtosecond pulses 58 #nm laser [001] 58 excitation 57 diffraction 57 ultraviolet wavelengths 57 linewidth 57 nm wavelength 57 wavelength tunability 57 QCLs 57 photodiode 56 laser pulses 56 microwave frequencies 56 visible wavelengths 56 fluorophores 56 emission wavelength 56 wavelength infrared 56 pulsed lasers 56 photometry 56 interferometer 56 X ray wavelengths 56 tunable 56 photodetector 56 keV 55 passband 55 Fabry Perot 55 X ray pulses 55 oscillation frequency 55 absorption spectra 55 cm -1 55 photons emitted 55 fluorescence 55 photon detection 55 VCSEL 55 laser pulse 55 #nm laser [002] 55 microcavities 55 picosecond 54 photon counting 54 redshift 54 photoluminescence 54 resonant frequency 54 backscattered 54 lightwaves 54 diffracted 54 resonance frequency 54 optical amplifiers 54 UV wavelengths 54 PIN diode 54 heterodyne 54 infrared 54 Josephson junction 54 Doppler shifts 54 interferometry 54 waveband 54 dipole moment 54 IR wavelengths 54 nanosecond pulses 54 THz 53 superconducting qubits 53 velocity dispersion 53 X ray emission 53 optical 53 photocurrent 53 polariton 53 phonon 53 picoseconds 53 quantum dot 53 meV 53 #nm #nm [001] 53 unpolarized 53 multiwavelength 53 multiphoton 53 photonic 53 microcavity 53 laser excitation 53 fluorescence emission 53 photodiodes 53 Raman scattering 53 diffract 52 EDFAs 52 #nm wavelength [001] 52 electron spins 52 subwavelength 52 terahertz waves 52 brightness 52 diffraction pattern 52 femtoseconds 52 lightwave 52 single photon detectors 52 tunability 52 #nm #nm [002] 52 DWDM wavelengths 52 polarimetry 52 absorption coefficient 52 terahertz 52 frequency electromagnetic waves 52 surface plasmons 52 frequency comb 52 wavelength UV 52 emit photon 52 input impedance 52 sidebands 52 shorter wavelength 52 nonlinear optical 51 absorbance 51 optical modulator 51 LiNbO3 51 circularly polarized light 51 wavelength division multiplexing 51 exciton 51 waveguide 51 spatial resolution 51 isotropic 51 collimated 51 cosmological distances 51 evanescent waves 51 redshifts 51 ARPES 51 LWIR 51 tunable laser 51 millimeter wavelengths 51 FWHM 51 spectrally 51 wavelength tunable 51 dispersive 51 plasmon 51 surface plasmon 51 DFB lasers 51 entangled photons 51 silicon waveguide 51 micron wavelength 51 collimators 51 Mpc 51 lasing wavelength 51 ultraviolet laser 51 emission spectra 51 Photons 51 submillimeter 50 anisotropy 50 bandgaps 50 rubidium vapor 50 linearly polarized 50 magnetization 50 amplitudes 50 attosecond 50 phototransistors 50 tunable lasers 50 InGaAs 50 helium ions 50 polaritons 50 photoemission 50 optical wavelength 50 Terahertz 50 X ray beam 50 nanometer wavelength 50 bandwidths 50 helium atoms 50 VCSELs 50 FRET 50 attoseconds 50 waveguides 50 fluorescence intensity 50 circular polarization 50 ultraviolet wavelength 50 RGB LEDs 50 interferometers 50 IR LEDs 50 electron 50 brightnesses 50 Type Ia supernovae 50 angstroms 50 infrared photons 50 narrow linewidth 50 laser beam 50 terahertz radiation 50 x ray beam 50 excitation wavelength 50 attosecond pulses 50 diffraction grating 50 gamma ray emission 50 emit photons 50 illuminance 50 frequencies 50 OSNR 50 radiometers 50 refractive index 49 electronic excitations 49 electroluminescence EL 49 terahertz frequencies 49 demodulate 49 nm excitation 49 millimeter wavelength 49 optically pumped 49 femtosecond 49 DP QPSK 49 solitons 49 spectral bands 49 fluorescent probes 49 arcseconds 49 5μm 49 electric dipole 49 PIN photodiode 49 heterojunctions 49 THz radiation 49 near infrared NIR 49 pulsed laser 49 broadly tunable 49 inelastic scattering 49 #.#GHz [001] 49 optical microscopy 49 electron density 49 x ray beams 49 avalanche photodiode 49 dipoles 49 monochromator 49 dI dV 49 excitons 49 MWIR 49 polarization multiplexed 49 DWDM 49 modulation schemes 49 photon detector 49 GeV 49 refractive indices 49 electron flux 49 #nm wavelength [002] 49 photonic crystal 49 cantilever deflection 49 RRATs 49 photodetectors 49 photometer 49 electromagnetic spectrum 49 quantum mechanically 49 fluorescent dyes 49 diffraction patterns 49 laser diodes 49 infrared ultraviolet 49 Gbits sec 49 nanocrystal 49 electron volts eV 49 infrared spectra 49 luminosities 49 interferometric 49 dipole 49 femtosecond laser pulses 49 #nm [003] 49 Bragg grating 49 voltages 49 optical fibers 49 photon absorption 49 plasmons 49 dispersion compensators 49 neutron beam 49 single photon detector 48 quantum cascade 48 terahertz THz 48 blackbody 48 photon beams 48 photons particles 48 λ 48 Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers 48 photomultiplier tubes 48 stimulated emission 48 ring resonators 48 ultrashort laser pulses 48 MeV 48 μm 48 pulse durations 48 tunable optical 48 frequency doubler 48 foreground galaxy 48 submillimeter wavelengths 48 infrared radiation 48 micrometres 48 #nm #nm [003] 48 #G DQPSK 48 DQPSK 48 multimode fiber 48 spectroscopic technique 48 cesium atom 48 spectroscopy 48 diode lasers 48 amplitude modulation 48 quantum correlations 48 absorbs photons 48 wave infrared SWIR 48 Indium Phosphide 48 nanomesh 48 frequency modulation 48 fs pulses 48 photon fluorescence 48 absorption spectroscopy 48 bosonic 48 backscattering 48 quantum dots 48 VLBA 48 dye molecules 48 circularly polarized 48 modulation formats 48 submillimetre wavelengths 48 metallicity 48 nanomagnets 48 electron neutrinos 48 ultrafast pulses 48 longwave 48 spectrographs 48 chromophore 48 micrometer 48 microwave photon 48 xenon lamp 48 gamma rays 48 Josephson junctions 48 dopant 48 InGaN LEDs 48 particle sizes 48 laser diode 48 Terahertz radiation 48 Tunable 48 QPSK 48 THz frequencies 48 resonant frequencies 48 silicon waveguides 48 oscillator frequency 48 qubit 48 ultrashort pulses 48 paramagnetic 48 intracavity 48 quadrillionths 48 Corot 9b 48 #GHz [001] 48 axions 48 frequency modulated 48 rubidium atom 48 spectroscopic 48 -# dB [001] 48 bipolar transistor 48 redshifted 48 UV VIS 48 optical multiplexer 48 CMOS transistors 48 AGNs 48 breakdown voltages 48 surface plasmon resonance 48 Raman lasers 48 birefringence 48 wavelength ultraviolet 48 synchrotron X ray 48 electron diffraction 47 horizontally polarized 47 GRBs 47 Tunable lasers 47 demultiplexing 47 airglow 47 emits photons 47 photon flux 47 infrared LEDs 47 intensities 47 deformable mirror 47 electron volt 47 SDH SONET 47 micrometre 47 cm -2 47 tungsten halogen 47 downconverter 47 pulsed laser beam 47 PWM frequency 47 sodium atoms 47 fluorescent molecules 47 optically 47 pulse widths 47 polarimeter 47 Rayleigh scattering 47 THz waves 47 intrinsic brightness 47 pentacene molecule 47 fainter objects 47 InP 47 spectroscopic measurements 47 photonic crystal fiber 47 gravitational lens 47 atoms 47 orbital angular momentum 47 nanosecond pulse 47 spectroscopic techniques 47 ± #.#dB 47 millimeter wave frequencies 47 circular polarized 47 GaN HEMT 47 Gbps 47 MHz frequency 47 8GHz 47 conductance 47 inhomogeneous 47 irradiance 47 nucleons 47 ps nm 47 Raman amplification 47 transfer FRET 47 linewidths 47 x ray pulses 47 Entangled photons 47 quasiparticle 47 diffraction limit 47 highly collimated 47 wavebands 47 magnetisation 47 voltage outputs 47 photonic crystals 47 multispectral 47 supercontinuum generation 47 optics 47 sub picosecond 47 optical components 47 linearly polarized light 47 μm wavelength 47 ratiometric 47 characteristic impedance 47 diffracting 47 #μm [002] 47 diode 47 analyte 47 synchrotron radiation 47 1kHz 47 lattice spacing 47 vertically polarized 47 modulated laser 47 tunable filters 47 lowpass 47 Mott insulator 47 photometric 47 fluorescence excitation 47 collimator 47 gaussian 47 UV photons 47 #GHz [002] 47 silicon photonic 47 diode laser 47 Mach Zehnder modulators 47 RF amplifier 47 radiometer 47 semiconductor nanocrystals 47 6GHz 47 HD#b 47 absorbs photon 47 bilayer graphene 47 excitation wavelengths 47 bandpass 47 X ray photons 47 LOFAR 47 nm wavelengths 47 energetic gamma rays 47 GaAs FET 47 photon emission 47 synthetic aperture 47 numerical aperture 47 Doppler shift 47 CMB radiation 47 decoherence 47 detect gamma rays 47 spectral characteristics 47 Nernst 47 nanopillars 47 directional antennas 46 antiparticle 46 #Gbps [001] 46 SAXS 46 excitations 46 resonant tunneling 46 microlens 46 x ray scattering 46 van der Waals interactions 46 ionospheric 46 confocal 46 collimated beam 46 stellar occultation 46 diodes 46 epitaxial layer 46 circular dichroism 46 ionosphere 46 nanodot 46 ion traps 46 oscillation frequencies 46 #:# multiplexer 46 electron mobility 46 Mercury exosphere 46 #nm wavelengths 46 kVp 46 thermodynamic equilibrium 46 arcsecond 46 photoactivation 46 resonator 46 diffractive 46 dopants 46 synaptic cleft 46 bipolar transistors 46 resonance frequencies 46 scanning electron microscopes 46 X ray spectroscopy 46 ferromagnet 46 dielectric constant 46 optical excitation 46 superposed 46 Cherenkov radiation 46 magnetic flux 46 X ray binary 46 Gaussian beam 46 Angstroms 46 nanoantenna 46 frequency VLF 46 Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting 46 luminosity 46 spectral purity 46 chromophores 46 mrad 46 magnetization reversal 46 gamma ray 46 luminance 46 PWM signal 46 luminescence 46 ionized gases 46 EVLA 46 Saturn magnetosphere 46 weak gravitational lensing 46 thermopile 46 kHz 46 bend electromagnetic radiation 46 electron spin 46 Fluorescence 46 panchromatic 46 diffusive 46 polarizations 46 gamma ray flares 46 nonlinearity 46 CWDM wavelengths 46 SQUIDs 46 TOSAs 46 ferroelectric 46 focal length 46 magnetic fields 46 EO polymer 46 microlenses 46 #μs [002] 46 μs 46 detuning 46 polarity 46 distant quasars 46 OFDM orthogonal frequency 46 photoelectron spectroscopy 46 5Ghz 46 diffraction gratings 46 sideband 46 laser speckle 46 infrared imager 46 electron bunches 46 singlemode fiber 46 tunable DWDM 46 periodicities 46 ultraviolet 46 inhomogeneities 46 reflectance 46 HD# [005] 46 lasing 46 X ray binaries 46 photonic circuits 46 orthogonal frequency division multiplexing 46 PIN diodes 46 voltage 46 linear polarization 46 millimeter wave 46 optical isolator 46 omnidirectional antennas 46 tropospheric 46 attosecond pulse 46 surface plasmon polariton 46 supercurrent 46 beamsplitters 46 quantum cascade lasers 46 timebase 46 reflectivity 46 diffuse aurora 46 HM Cancri 46 nanoantennas 46 UVB 46 ultrafast laser 46 DUTs 46 Laser VCSEL 46 microresonator 46 subcarrier 46 optically coupled 46 fluorescence spectra 46 filament 46 confocal microscopy 46 Gb s 46 massless particles 46 Michelson interferometer 46 dipolar 46 supernova remnant 46 Gbit s 45 3dB 45 antiparallel 45 excitonic 45 optically transparent 45 #dBm [001] 45 spectral fingerprint 45 terahertz rays 45 VLTI 45 1mA 45 infrared spectral 45 1μm 45 donor acceptor 45 phosphor 45 spectral density 45 nucleon 45 optical transceivers 45 #-Gbit/sec 45 high redshift galaxies 45 9xx nm 45 photoreceptor 45 antiferromagnetic 45 millivolt 45 nm spectral 45 phototransistor 45 Adaptive optics 45 metamaterials 45 transimpedance amplifier 45 Near Infrared 45 linear amplifiers 45 plasmonic 45 submillimeter wavelength 45 electron pairs 45 collinear 45 solar corona 45 Cepheids 45 #Gb s [001] 45 microstrip 45 absorbs ultraviolet 45 galvanic isolation 45 Millimeter wave 45 auroral 45 laser diode modules 45 capacitances 45 Fiber Bragg Grating 45 rhodopsin 45 optical modulators 45 X ray telescopes 45 confocal microscope 45 microwatt 45 photoelectron 45 porphyrin 45 X ray photon 45 m z 45 superluminal 45 #ohm [001] 45 chromatic dispersion 45 beamline 45 anomalous dispersion 45 galactic disk 45 fluorophore 45 photonic bandgap 45 millisecond pulsars 45 #.#-#.# GHz #.#-#.# GHz 45 milliwatt 45 tunable filter 45 Nd YAG 45 optical spectrum analyzer 45 frequency 45 Raman spectroscopic 45 DPSK 45 EMCCD 45 fiber lasers 45 nanotube 45 photonic devices 45 exoplanet orbiting 45 2nm 45 VHE gamma rays 45 autofluorescence 45 #.#μm [001] 45 qdots 45 fluorescence resonance energy 45 Nd YAG laser 45 directivity 45 neutral mass spectrometer 45 QCL 45 CdSe 45 XPIC 45 omni directional antenna 45 impedances 45 blazars 45 acousto optic 45 arcminutes 45 electron beams 45 RXTE 45 spectral signature 45 melanopsin 45 aberration correctors 45 CCDs 45 distant galaxies 45 luminous galaxies 45 transimpedance amplifiers 45 spectrophotometry 45 UV lasers 45 mK 45 heterostructures 45 TMDS 45 sine wave 45 #.#nm [002] 45 X ray microscopy 45 baryon 45 wavefronts 45 Mach Zehnder modulator 45 beamwidth 45 TCXO 45 photobleaching 45 KHz 45 nanometer scale 45 aperture 45 CWDM 45 millimeter wave frequency 45 reflection nebula 45 cosmic ray particles 45 hydrogen atom 45 DTEM 45 5mW 45 Rydberg atom 45 hadron 45 mode dispersion PMD 45 laser beams 45 photon beam 45 femtosecond pulse 45 Quadrature Phase Shift Keying 45 XMM Newton 45 5kHz 45 lensing galaxy 45 Gamma rays 45 nanostars 45 quantum dot lasers 45 positrons 45 Auger recombination 45 photosphere 45 reflectometry 45 EIRP 45 atomic lattice 45 Ti sapphire laser 45 sub millimeter wavelengths 45 leakage currents 45 speckle pattern 45 synchrotron emission 45 metamaterial 45 optical microscope 45 Fig. 1a 45 spectrometer 45 2dB 45 modulation 45 ultraviolet photons 45 coplanar 45 amplitude modulated 45 VUV 45 τ 45 voxel 45 electrons 45 isomeric 45 parasitic capacitances 45 heterostructure 45 DS DBR 45 graphene nanoribbons 45 relaxivity 45 lasers modulators 44 relativistic particles 44 silicon monoxide 44 erbium 44 semiconductor laser diode 44 DPSS lasers 44 diffusion coefficient 44 baryonic 44 infrared emitters 44 resonators 44 micrometer scale 44 spectroscope 44 SINFONI 44 thermal conductance 44 lumens lm 44 output voltage 44 fluorescing 44 active galactic nuclei 44 vertical cavity 44 GaN HEMTs 44 demodulated 44 photonic crystal fibers 44 electron volts 44 #.#kHz [001] 44 filaments 44 DUV 44 faint galaxies 44 vibrational frequency 44 electron tunneling 44 eclipsing binary 44 valence band 44 optical telescopes 44 tau neutrinos 44 walled carbon nanotube 44 specular reflectance 44 perturbation theory 44 SWNTs 44 electron scattering 44 nitride semiconductor 44 molecular orbitals 44 Circinus X 1 44 output impedance 44 optical lattices 44 hysteresis loop 44 multiband imaging photometer 44 uncooled 44 #.#MHz [007] 44 nanometers 44 mesoscopic 44 emitting laser VCSEL 44 orbitals 44 nonlinear optics 44 #μm [001] 44 chemiluminescence 44 σ 44 neutralino 44 -# dBm [001] 44 magnetospheres 44 Wavelengths 44 photomultiplier 44 delta sigma 44 erbium doped fiber 44 excitation energies 44 nuclei 44 titania nanotubes 44 lithium niobate 44 galaxy cluster 44 ESO VLT 44 afterglows 44 1nm 44 indium gallium arsenide InGaAs 44 monochromators 44 datarates 44 refraction 44 excitation emission 44 nucleotide 44 electron orbits 44 CCD camera 44 Raman spectroscopy 44 Cepheid variable 44 SOI CMOS 44 electrical resistivity 44 electron electron 44 TeraXion 44 Vdd 44 luminous flux 44 phytochrome 44 mJ 44 Jupiter magnetosphere 44 node segmentation 44 blazar 44 fluorescent dye molecules 44 quanta 44 reflectance spectroscopy 44 XFPs 44 layer graphene 44 SFDR spurious free 44 nonlinearities 44 bistable 44 silicon nanowire 44 etalon 44 1W LEDs 44 terahertz frequency 44 UHF frequency 44 Spitzer infrared 44 polarizing filters 44 SWCNT 44 micrometers 44 MCP# AFE 44 cosmic ray flux 44 microbolometer 44 photothermal 44 cosmic ray 44 emit X rays 44 infrared laser beam 44 Plasmonic 44 spectroscopic methods 44 lasers 44 resonant cavity 44 Raman spectra 44 nanocages 44 #G wavelengths [001] 44 interferometric observations 44 FSK modulation 44 singlemode 44 1MHz 44 diplexers 44 ellipsometry 44 clamping voltages 44 directional antenna 44 frequency synthesizer 44 supercontinuum 44 optic 44 outcoupling 44 magnetic anisotropy 44 electrons emitted 44 filamentary structure 44 photolysis 44 nanobubble 44 ± #V [002] 44 Photonic 44 hyperspectral imagery 44 graphene layers 44 quantum oscillations 44 dipole antenna 44 ATR# [002] 44 kcal mol 44 quasars 44 vibrational modes 44 qubit quantum 44 quasar 44 photosystems 44 birefringent 44 intramolecular 44 #G coherent [002] 44 neutrons 44 signal analyzers 44 picometer 44 laser irradiation 44 Einstein cosmological constant 44 silicon atoms 44 transiting planet 44 infrared telescopes 44 nanolaser 44 MOS transistors 44 Bose Einstein condensates 44 #mV [001] 44 wavefront distortion 44 beam splitters 44 fluoresces 44 haul DWDM 44 optical waveguides 44 retinal ganglion cells 44 Photonic crystals 44 dc voltage 44 fermionic 44 Type Ia supernova 44 masers 44 radial velocity method 44 infrared laser 44 illumination 44 wavefunction 44 tunable transmitter 44 instrumentation amplifier 44 Ti Sapphire 44 chlorophyll molecules 44 photon pairs 44 harmonic oscillator 44 packetized 44 galvo 44 fluorescence detection 44 unpolarized light 44 ohmic 44 superpositions 44 VISTA telescope 44 nonequilibrium 44 baryon acoustic oscillations 44 femtosecond lasers 44 molecule 44 magnetically coupled 44 Alfven waves 44 planar 44 radiative cooling 44 quantum bits 44 surface roughness 43 GaAs pHEMT 43 phonons 43 metallic nanostructures 43 intermodulation 43 beam splitter 43 wideband 43 frequency synthesizers 43 mV lux sec 43 semiconducting materials 43 nanometric 43 GZK cutoff 43 DC convertor 43 Epsilon Aurigae 43 lattice vibrations 43 beamforming 43 submicron